Journal: Biology of Sex Differences

Article Title: Sex differences in disease severity and immune responses in murine and human inflammatory arthritis

doi: 10.1186/s13293-026-00840-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Male CIA mice exhibit higher disease severity compared to females. Male and female CIA and saline control mice were monitored for disease severity and assigned clinical scores from day 21 after the first CII challenge until the end of experiment (day 29). (A) Line graphs representing the mean clinical scores of mice starting from day 1 to day 29. On day 29 after the first CII challenge, mice were euthanized by cardiac puncture under anesthesia for blood and serum collection and storage at −80 °C. Serum concentrations of (B) anti-mouse collagen type II antibodies (left panel) and anti-bovine collagen type II antibodies (right panel) were analyzed by ELISA. N = 5 mice per group. One of two independent experiments. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the statistical difference between the lines. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test was used to determine the statistical significance between the groups. (*/ # p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.005 and ***/ ### p ≤ 0.0005). In Fig. 1A, # significance of comparisons between CIA and saline control mice; *significance of comparisons between sexes of CIA mice

Article Snippet: Serum levels of mouse anti-collagen antibodies (autoantibodies) and bovine anti-collagen antibodies (antibodies to the immunizing antigen) were determined by ELISA using a Mouse Anti-mouse Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit and Mouse Anti-Bovine Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit, respectively, according to the manufacture’s protocol (Chondrex Inc. WA, USA).

Techniques: Saline, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Indirect Transmission of Influenza A Virus between Pig Populations under Two Different Biosecurity Settings

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067293

Figure Lengend Snippet: The black horizontal line represents the cutoff value (≤0.673 is considered positive). *Significantly lower ELISA S/N ratios prior to euthanasia compared to -5 DPI (P<0.05).

Article Snippet: Serum samples were tested via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (FlockChek® Avian Influenza MultiS-Screen Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA) as described previously .

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Inflammatory Caspase Activity Mediates HMGB1 Release and Differentiation in Myoblasts Affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease

doi: 10.3390/cells11071163

Figure Lengend Snippet: AIM2 expression was elevated and promoted inflammatory caspase activity in ischemic myoblasts. Expression of AIM2 and caspase-5 (total) were calculated in perfused and ischemic myoblasts using immunofluorescence. DAPI was used to detect nuclei, and mean intensity per cell was calculated using ImageJ for a total of 5 images per cell group (N = 2 control, N = 3–4 ischemic). ( A , C ) AIM2 immunofluorescence and quantification (**** p < 0.0001); ( B , D ) caspase 5 (*** p < 0.001). Luminescence assays were used to detect inflammatory caspase activity induced by caspase-1, -4, and -5 in perfused and ischemic cells with and without either caspase-1-specific or additional pan-caspase inhibition. Cells were additionally exposed to ( E ) poly(dA:dT), an AIM2 agonist (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001) and ( F ) nigericin, an NLRP3 agonist. Scale bar = 10 μM. ( G ) Detection of pro-and cleaved caspase 1 and caspase 5 by Western blots performed with perfused and ischemic myoblast with and without poly(dA:dT). ** p < 0.002 (N = 2 perfused, 4 ischemic).

Article Snippet: A total of 2 × 10 5 MuSC were plated on MatTek dishes, washed, fixed, permeabilized, and blocked before being incubated with primary antibodies to AIM2 (Abcam, # ab204955, 1:200 in 1% BSA) overnight at 4 C. Cells were washed and incubated with goat anti-mouse IgG (Alexa Fluor ® 488, Abcam, #ab150117) and counterstained with DAPI and phalloidin (1:1000 in PBS, Abcam, #176759) for 30 min each.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Immunofluorescence, Inhibition, Western Blot